SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Guerra, Cristina Aparecida; Pereira, Claudia Maria Miranda de Araujo.

This work discusses the importance of the kaki productive chain in the Antônio Carlos district and its growing potentialities, analysed from the perspective of Transaction Costs Economics. The objective is to verify how the transactions between the kaki producers from the Antônio Carlos district and the downstream and upstream agents of the productive chain occur, as well as to study the governance structure in this chain. The data were obtained from semi-structured interviews carried out with seven producers, who were chosen according to criteria such as accessibility and representativity of the district’s production. It was verified that the contracts made between the producers and the downstream industry are classic and the form of governance is the...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Transaction costs; Kaki; Specificity; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Industrial Organization.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61475

A certificação orgânica como fator estratégico na governança das transações no mercado de alimentos

Cesar, Aldara da Silva; Batalha, Mario Otavio; Pimenta, Marcio Lopes.

Food consumers are, in general, concerned with acquiring healthy food which does not pose risks to their health. These preferences are directly related to the way the economic agents organize themselves inside the food sector. In this context, the organic products’ share in the food market is rising considerably, mainly because they consist not only of a healthier product, but also because they contribute positively to the environment. Nevertheless, these characteristics are not immediately observed by the consumers, which makes the certification process an essential mechanism not in the transaction process but also in gaining the confidence of several markets. This article lists some advantages and disadvantages of the certification process raised in the...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Certification; Transaction costs; Organic products; Organic production; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Industrial Organization.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61715

A Return of the Threshing Ring? A Case Study of Machinery and Labor-Sharing in Midwestern Farms

Artz, Georgeanne M.; Colson, Gregory; Ginder, Roger G..

Machinery-sharing provides an alternative for smaller producers to obtain the efficiencies of large farming operations and remain competitive in an increasingly concentrated agricultural industry. This research uses a multiple case study design to examine the motivations for sharing equipment and labor among farms and to better understand how group members handle the transaction costs of sharing. Our case evidence finds that in addition to cost savings, access to reliable labor is an important motivation for participating in a sharing arrangement. Trust and frequent communication among group members helps to minimize the transaction costs incurred from sharing.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Machinery sharing; Transaction costs; Farm-level cooperation; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q12; Q13.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100515

Access to Dynamic Markets for Small Commercial Farmers: The Case of Potato Production in the Peruvian Andes

Escobal D'Angelo, Javier; Torero, Maximo.

The purpose of this study is twofold. On one hand, the objective is to assess the impact of new and more complex contracting schemes, as opposed to traditional marketing channels, on small farmers’ welfare. On the other hand, the study explores which may be the critical factors that determine the small farmers’ participation in these institutional arrangements. In this context, two critical factors are stressed. The first one has to do with access to credit and the second one is the size of the agricultural plot. In order to examine the decision of farmers to access the dynamic markets, the paper follows the study of Lapar et al (2003). The paper also follows impact evaluation techniques to identify the differences in the performance of farmers with access...

Accounting for Transaction Costs in Point/Nonpoint Water Quality Trading Programs in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed

Palavras-chave: Potato production; Market access; Small farmers; Contract farming; Access to credit; Dynamic markets; Impact evaluation; Income growth; Transaction costs; Marketing.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58570

Ribaudo, Marc; McCann, Laura M.J..

Transaction costs are commonly identified as a major reason why so few point/nonpoint trades have occurred in water quality trading programs. We examine the transaction costs to buyers and sellers in Pennsylvania's trading program, and compare them to baseline costs.

Tipo: Presentation

Palavras-chave: Transaction costs; Water quality trading; Environmental Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123509

ADOPTION OF E-COMMERCE STRATEGIES FOR AGRIBUSINESS FIRMS

Henderson, Jason R.; Dooley, Frank J.; Akridge, Jay T..

This paper analyzes the factors guiding Internet and e-commerce implementation by agribusiness firms. The relationship between Internet/e-commerce strategies and manager perceptions on the barriers and factors to e-commerce adoption are analyzed in a supply-chain management framework. Using factor analysis and an ordered Probit model, results indicate that the implementation of Internet/e-commerce strategies is more likely to be adopted in larger firms with a global scope. Also, manager perceptions regarding supply-chain functions influencing transaction costs are more strongly associated with Internet/e-commerce adoption than other functions influencing production costs.

Adoption of Internet Strategies by Agribusiness Firms

Palavras-chave: E-commerce; Supply-chain; Transaction costs; Factor analysis; Order Probit; Agribusiness; Marketing.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21771

Henderson, Jason R.; Dooley, Frank J.; Akridge, Jay T.; Carerre, Antonio.

This paper explores the factors guiding Internet adoption by agribusiness firms. The relationship between Internet strategies and manager perceptions on the barriers to and catalysts for Internet adoption are analyzed in a supply-chain management framework. Using factor analysis and an ordered Probit model, results indicate that Internet strategies are more likely to be adopted in larger firms with a global scope. Also, manager perceptions regarding the impact of Internet adoption on transaction costs are just as likely to influence adoption as the perceived impacts on more traditional production costs.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Internet; E-commerce; Supply-chain; Transaction costs; Ordered Probit; Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8135

Agricultural cooperatives II: Can they facilitate access of small-scale farmers in South Africa to input and product markets?

Ortmann, Gerald F.; King, Robert P..

The objective of this research is to investigate whether agricultural cooperatives can facilitate smallholder farmer access to input and product markets. Farmers in two case study communal areas of KwaZulu-Natal face high transaction costs as reflected primarily in their low levels of education and literacy, lack of market information, insecure property rights, poor road and communication infrastructure, and long distances to markets. Analysis of the reasons why cooperatives were originally established in various parts of the world suggests that most of the causes (such as poverty, market failure and high transaction costs) also apply to the study farmers, as do the seven international principles of cooperation. Smallholder farmers in both case study...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Agricultural cooperatives; Small-scale farmers; High-value crops; Transaction costs; South Africa; Agribusiness.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10124

Agricultural markets in Benin and Malawi

Fafchamps, Marcel; Gabre-Madhin, Eleni Z..

Based on original trader surveys, this paper examines how agricultural traders operate in Benin and Malawi. Results indicate that the largest transaction costs are search and transport. The use of modern technology is limited. Search methods rely principally on personal visits by the trader, and quality control requires the presence of the trader at the time of purchase. This increases costs, as the trader has to travel a lot, and makes it difficult for trading enterprises to grow. Since enterprises remain very small, personal transport and search time represent a non-negligible share of marketing costs.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Traders; Transaction costs; Transport; Storage; Search; Marketing.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57022

Agri-environmental schemes in the European Union: the role of ex ante costs

Peerlings, Jack H.M.; Polman, Nico B.P..

The purpose of this paper is to analyse land allocation between competing agri-environmental contracts taking into account institutional issues and farm household and farm characteristics. We consider a Biodiversity Protection Contract, Landscape Management Contract and a Restriction on Intensive Practises Contract. The paper shows that it is important to study the choice for an agrienvironmental contract in combination with the choice for other agri-environmental contracts. The reasons being that a unit of land can only be allocated to one contract (although a farm can select more than one contract) and perceived relative marginal costs of contracts can change if institutional settings and farm household and farm characteristics alter. The model uses a...

An Assessment of the EPA's SO2 Emission Allowance Tracking System

Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental contracts; Transaction costs; Contract choice; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6698

Lile, Ronald D.; Bohi, Douglas R.; Burtraw, Dallas.

On November 8, 1996, various Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) officials, scholars and industry representatives gathered at Resources for the Future (RFF) to examine the EPA's method for classifying private SO2 allowance transactions by the Allowance Tracking System (ATS). The one-day workshop at RFF was designed to evaluate how well the EPA's classification scheme within the ATS currently meets the needs of constituencies with a vested interest in the allowance trading system, and to determine if other classifications would be more beneficial. The EPA has limited its collection of information to that which is necessary to ensure compliance with environmental goals. In particular, the EPA has interpreted its mission to be one of minimal interference in...

An Ordered Probit Model Analysis of Transaction costs and Market Participation by Sweet Potato Farmers in South Eastern Nigeria.

Palavras-chave: Transaction costs; Regulated industries; Electric utilities; Emissions; Environmental Economics and Policy; D23; D49; H70; K23; L94; Q25.

Ano: 1996

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10890

Ohajianya, D.O.; Ugochukwu, Albert I..

This study determined the factors (related to fixed and variable transaction costs) influencing the decision to participate in sweet potato markets by a random sample of 320 small holder farmers in south eastern Nigeria. Data were collected with structured and validated questionnaire, and analyzed using the ordered probit analysis procedure. Participation decisions revealed that marketing experience, farm size, membership of cooperatives/social organizations, extension contact, farming experience and road conditions to the nearest town had positive relationship with decision to be autarkic other than buyer and to be seller other than autarkic, and were significant at 1% level of probability. The coefficient of age, household size, and output were also...

Biological Carbon Sinks: Transaction Costs and Governance

Palavras-chave: Ordered probit; Transaction costs; Market participation; Potato; Autarkic; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108936

van Kooten, G. Cornelis.

Activities that remove CO2 from the atmosphere and store it in forest and agricultural ecosystems can generate CO2-offset credits that can thus substitute for CO2 emissions reduction. Are biological CO2-uptake activities competitive with CO2 offsets from reduced fossil fuel use? In this paper, it is argued that transaction costs impose a formidable obstacle to direct substitution of carbon uptake offsets for emissions reduction in trading schemes, and that separate caps should be set for emissions reduction and sink-related activities. While a tax/subsidy scheme is preferred to emissions trading for incorporating biologically-generated CO2 offsets, contracts that focus on the activity and not the amount of carbon sequestered are most likely to lead to the...

Case Studies of Strategic Alliances in U.S. Beef Production

Palavras-chave: Carbon sequestration; Transaction costs; Climate change; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q54; Q23; Q42; H23; D23.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45505

Gillespie, Jeffrey M.; Bu, Angel; Boucher, Robert W.; Choi, Won-Jun.

Calf marketing, commercial beef carcass, and natural/implant-free beef strategic alliances were examined via case study to determine alliance structure and whether each addressed risk, transaction costs, capital availability, and other concerns. All alliances were structured differently through vertical or horizontal coordination, and each had been established within the past 12 years. Alliance administrators reported that an advantage to cow-calf producers was higher cattle prices received relative to producers outside the alliances. The alliances reduced transaction costs and increased information flow among segments. Alliances did not specifically address risk or increased access to capital for technology adoption or expansion purposes.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Cattle industry; Industry structure; Risk; Strategic alliances; Transaction costs; Agribusiness; Livestock Production/Industries.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/62278

COMÉRCIO JUSTO INTERNACIONAL: O CASO DO SUCO DE LARANJA ENTRE O BRASIL E A FRANÇA

Machado, Melise Dantas; Paulillo, Luiz Fernando; Lambert, Annie.

This paper is a preliminary analysis of the governance structure of the faire trade of orange juice between Brazil and France. Fair trade is an organizational field composed of complex organizational networks that maintain relations of mutual dependence and share the same values system. As fair trade is a subject that has received relatively little study and presents many particularities, an exploratory study was considered appropriate. Primary and secondary data were collected. In the case of the trade of orange juice between Brazil and France, two commercial networks were identified. The integrated network is constituted by professionals who specialize in fair trade, while the certified network includes more conventional commercial organizations, such as...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Transaction costs; Governance structures; Networks; Fair trade; Orange juice.; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Industrial Organization.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61719

Competition Intensity, Potential Competition and Transaction Cost Economics

Busse, Matthias.

As the process of globalisation of the world economy progresses, the degree of international competition among enterprises increases as well. Yet not all industries or branches are affected to the same extent by this development. One of the most important factors which determine the degree of globalisation of an industry is the level of transaction costs. Whereas low transaction costs tend to result in globalised markets, high transaction costs induce segmented markets. Because they may also indicate the degree of potential competition, transaction costs can be of great importance for competition authorities in the case of corporate mergers and acquisitions. Heterogeneous consumer preferences and product differentiation, as two additional determinants of...

Compliance with International Food Safety Standards in Kenya's Green Bean Industry: A Paired Case Study of Small and Large Family Farms

Palavras-chave: Transaction costs; Potential competition; Competition policy; International Relations/Trade; F00; F13; D23.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26168

Okello, Julius Juma; Swinton, Scott M..

This study uses two farm case studies to explore how Kenyan green bean farmers are meeting European food safety standards. For green bean farmers, the standards increase the fixed costs and the transactions costs of producing beans; the standards also alter how bean quality is assessed. Both the small and the large farm use contracts to protect their specific investments in complying with the standards. However, while the large farm invests in improved facilities using its own equity, the small farm uses a marketing group to spread investment costs and reduce the transaction cost to buyers of monitoring the performance of small units. Green bean buyers face the asymmetric information problem of creating incentives for farmers to comply voluntarily with...

CONTRACTING IN AGRICULTURE: A PRIMER FOR FARM LENDERS

Palavras-chave: Food safety standards; Farmer compliance; Transaction costs; Principal-agent; Economies of size; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19241

Hudson, Darren.

Contracting in agriculture has increased over the past several decades. This activity has heightened concerns about concentration, market power, and farmer welfare. The purpose of this paper is to describe some of the underlying motivations for contracting and to highlight some of the trade-offs made when making contracting decisions. These illustrations are intended to inform readers of the economic conditions for contracting, not provide empirical evidence of their implications, costs, or benefits.

Contractual Relationships in the Hungarian Milk Sector

Palavras-chave: Contracting; Asset specificity; Transaction costs; Farm Management.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15789

Bakucs, Lajos Zoltan; Ferto, Imre; Szabo, Gabor G..

In this paper we present an empirical analysis of farmers’ contracting choice in the Hungarian milk sector using 2005 milk producer survey data, employing transaction cost economics. We focus on analysing some key determinants of farmers’ contracting choices: type of contracts, duration, number of contractors, incentives provided in the contract and business history of farmers and buyers. Some of the main results include the importance and effect of farm size, quantity of milk delivered, planned short and long run or contract related investment on farm, the possibility of farmer to influence prices on the contracting choices.

COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF THE DUTCH NATURE CONSERVATION POLICY: DIRECT, INDIRECT EFFECTS AND TRANSACTION COSTS OF THE ECOLOGICAL MAIN STRUCTURE IN THE NETHERLANDS

Palavras-chave: Transaction costs; Contracts; Milk products; Hungary; Agricultural and Food Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Political Economy.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90794

Jongeneel, Roelof A.; Polman, Nico B.P.; Slangen, Louis H.G..

The scattering of nature areas in the Netherlands and the increased demand for nature lead to a governmental project in 1990 to complete a network of nature favouring areas, the ecological main structure, in 2018. The financial and economic costs and benefits of this project were analysed. Targets for purchasing of agricultural land and conversion into nature were adjusted several times as the land price doubled between 1995 and 2000. The purchasing rate still has to double, which will probably drive up the land price even further. The alternative is long-term contracts with farmers or private landowners for nature conservation.